The man became agitated and verbally abusive toward officers after being denied a cigarette, The Straits Times reported.
He reportedly removed the curtain blinds and used a lighter to set them on fire, threatening to escalate the blaze, Channel News Asia reported.
Officers from the Airport Police Division managed to extinguish the fire.
The man also sprayed a fire extinguisher at the officers before being subdued and arrested.
He is expected to be charged with mischief by fire with intent to cause damage, an offense that carries a penalty of up to seven years in jail, a fine, or both if convicted.
Changi Airport, often lauded for its state-of-the-art amenities such as duty-free shopping, luxury accommodations, and automated check-ins, was recently voted the world's best airport in a survey conducted by British newspaper The Telegraph.