Vietnamese migration leads South Korea's foreign population surge to record high

As of May, the number of foreign residents aged 15 and older stood at approximately 1.69 million, representing an 8.4 % increase compared to the same period last year, according to a survey by the Ministry of Data and Statistics.

This shift comes against the backdrop of a total national population of roughly 51.8 million.

While ethnic Koreans from China continue to comprise the largest foreign resident group at 506,000, Vietnamese nationals have emerged as the fastest-growing demographic. Vietnamese residents now rank second with a population of 270,000, expanding much more rapidly than any other major group.

A major portion of this growth is driven by the education sector, according to the Korea Times.

The overall number of student visa holders rose by 18.2%, or 36,000 people, in just one year. Data highlights the prominence of the Vietnamese community within this sphere, as Vietnam currently ranks first with approximately 100,000 students in South Korea, followed by China with 45,000 and Uzbekistan with 17,000.

The rise in international students, attributed to the global appeal of Korean culture and government initiatives, is reshaping the visa landscape.

While ethnic Korean visas (F-4) and low-skilled worker visas (E-9) still account for the largest raw numbers at 410,000 and 321,000 respectively, professional visa categories are seeing sharp increases. The number of professional workers jumped 25.7% to 82,000, while the population of workers holding permanent residence visas grew by 17.1% to 123,000.

The report also identifies a shifting mindset among these new arrivals, noting a growing preference for long-term settlement over short-term employment.

Among those without permanent residency status, more than 89 % expressed a desire to remain in South Korea. This sentiment is strong among the student population as well, with 65.5 % stating they plan to continue living in the country after graduation, citing high satisfaction with the quality of education and academic programs.

The surge in migration has had a tangible impact on the labor market. More than 1.1 million foreign residents were employed as of May, marking a 9.8% year-on-year rise, the highest employment level recorded since the ministry began collecting such data in 2017, Yonhap reported.

The employment rate among foreign residents reached 65.5%, up 0.8 percentage points from the previous year.

Manufacturing and mining remain the primary sectors for this workforce, absorbing 45% of foreign employees, while the retail, accommodation, and food service industries employ another 20.4%.

Financial incentives appear to be the main draw, with 74.4% of survey respondents citing wages as their primary motivation for working in the country, while just over 9% pointed to the working environment.