The LGBT rights group OutRight Action International analyzed 194 countries and found that only 109 allow gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender groups to register legally, which it believed further marginalizing gay organizations from mainstream society.
In 55 countries, including Russia and Lebanon, gay organizations exist, but state authorization is denied. Others, such as Malaysia, ban LGBT groups outright.
“This is a way of hindering and trying to stop any kind of progress or push for equality that LGBT groups want to do,” Maria Sjödin, deputy executive director of OutRight, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
“I truly believe that change in society happens because people organize and push for it. That is how greater equality for LGBT people has been achieved.”
The survey found that in 30 countries, including Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Somalia, it was impossible to find any officially registered LGBT organizations at alorl.
Denying citizens the right to organize is a “way for governments to make it so hard that I guess they hope that people will just give up,” Sjödin added.
Governments employ both religious and moral reasons for curtailing civil society organizations, the report noted, with groups banned for being against the “national interest”.
In countries such as Nigeria, homosexuality is illegal, making the process of applying even more problematic.
“Without the registration there are lots of things you cannot do,” said Jean Chong, co-founder of Sayoni, an LGBT rights organization based in Singapore.
“It is impossible to get an office space and you cannot ask for donations publicly as you are not a legal entity.”
Registration is formally possible in Singapore, but the report noted that attempts by civil society groups to apply for authorisation are frequently blocked.
Budding gay activists instead register under more generic umbrella titles, such as women’s or human rights groups, Chong said. But the consequences for countries that outlaw civil society groups altogether could be harsh, she added.
“We are talking about suicide, depression and substance abuse – and violence. It’s always there, but just not seen and not in the public eye,” she said.
"When groups cannot register they cannot effectively raise funds, so it limits their ability to do things like research and collect data and do substantive advocacy around these issues."