There were 460 accidents on Friday and Saturday, with speeding and drunk driving being the primary causes, according to Nation Thailand, citing the Road Safety Center.
The majority of victims were in the 20-29 age group.
While Bangkok's roads were relatively empty due to mass outbound travel for the holidays, the capital still recorded the highest number of fatalities with nine deaths over the first two days, Thai PBS reported.
Songkran, a popular water-fighting festival that attracts tourists from around the world, typically lasts for nearly a week.
Despite its popularity, Songkran has been referred to as the "seven dangerous days" by authorities for over a decade to highlight the heightened road safety risks during the celebration.
Last year, 287 people were killed in 2,044 road accidents during the week-long holiday. The death toll had been 264 in 2023.