One Pillar Pagoda: Hanoi's architectural and cultural icon

The One Pillar Pagoda. Photo courtesy of Imperial Citadel of Thang Long's official site

History and significance

The One Pillar Pagoda, known as Chua Mot Cot in Vietnamese, was originally constructed in 1049 under the reign of Emperor Ly Thai Tong. Legend has it that the pagoda was inspired by a dream in which the emperor saw the Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva handing him a lotus flower—a symbol of purity in Buddhism. The pagoda's design reflects this vision, resembling a lotus emerging from the water.

Over centuries, the pagoda has undergone multiple reconstructions, with significant renovations during the Tran, Nguyen, and Le dynasties. Although it suffered damage during the French retreat in 1954, it was restored in 1955, retaining its distinctive design.

In 2012, the One Pillar Pagoda was recognized by the Asian Record Organization as "Asia's most unique architectural pagoda."

Architecture and features

The One Pillar Pagoda is renowned for its distinctive design, which features a single stone pillar symbolizing a lotus stem supporting the entire structure.

Atop this pillar rests the lotus-shaped platform, which houses a small shrine dedicated to Avalokiteshvara, adorned with golden statues and intricate carvings. The roof, crafted from terracotta tiles, is embellished with the traditional Vietnamese motif of "two dragons flanking a moon," representing harmony and prosperity.

Surrounding the pagoda is the tranquil Linh Chieu Pond, which fills with blooming lotuses in summer, enhancing the serene and spiritual atmosphere of the site.

Location and accessibility

Situated in Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, the One Pillar Pagoda lies within the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum complex, just behind Ong Ich Khiem Street.

Getting there:

- Walking: A 10-minute walk from the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum.

- Taxi or ride-hailing services: Widely available across Hanoi for direct drop-off.

- Bus: Routes such as 09ACT, 09A, and 18 stop near 15A Le Hong Phong Street, approximately 200 meters from the pagoda.

The One Pillar Pagoda during Ullambana Festival 2024, a celebration honoring ancestors, parents, and the bonds of family. Photo from the Facebook page of The One Pillar Pagoda

Opening hours and admission fees

The pagoda is open daily from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

Admission is free for Vietnamese visitors, while foreign tourists are required to purchase tickets priced at VND25,000 (US$1).

Visitor guidelines

To ensure a respectful visit, please adhere to these guidelines:

- Dress code: Wear modest clothing suitable for a sacred site.

- Behavior: Maintain silence and refrain from littering or touching artifacts.

- Photography: Allowed, but avoid using flash or obstructing pathways.

The One Pillar Pagoda is not merely an architectural wonder but a profound cultural and spiritual emblem of Vietnam. Its lotus-inspired design and historical significance make it a compelling destination for those exploring Hanoi's rich heritage. Whether you seek spiritual tranquility or architectural insight, the One Pillar Pagoda offers an experience rooted in history, art, and devotion.