The tragic accident took place on Monday when she and other students were on their way back home from Chieng So Secondary School in Song Ma District in the mountainous province west of Hanoi.
Witnesses said the vehicle’s front door "suddenly burst open," causing three students to fall out.
Lo Thi Thao Uyen of Chieng So Commune was killed on the spot while the other two were injured.
One of them has been discharged from hospital and the other has been transferred from the district medical center to the province General Hospital.
Lo Van Hach, chairman of Chieng So Commune, said the cause of the accident is being investigated.
"It is possible that the children pushed at the door when the vehicle was going uphill."
The van involved in the accident and other vehicles used by the school to transport are all old and decrepit, he said.
The Son La police are questioning the driver.