The workers, who work at one of the tech giant's facilities in Yongin, were exposed to X-rays on Monday, but the company only became aware of the incident on Tuesday, Yonhap reported, citing a Samsung press statement.
The workers reported that their fingers had become swollen and were developing rashes characterized by red dots.
Both of the afflicted laborers have been hospitalized, and their general blood test results were normal, CNBC reported.
Samsung said the incident was an accident, and the company was supporting the workers' treatment and recovery.
The firm said it was cooperating with the government on the matter.
South Korean authorities said operation of the machine responsible for the incident has been suspended, but the exact cause of the exposure has not been announced.
An investigation launched by South Korea’s Nuclear Safety and Security Commission is ongoing.
Samsung is reported to operate five semiconductor operations in South Korea, along with four manufacturing sites in the U.S. and China.