Doan Anh Sang, former deputy chief executive officer of the bank, formally known as Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam, was accused of "violations of regulations on banking operations."
Police also arrested four executives of the bank for similar allegations and a businessman accused of property appropriation.
Sang, 57, was accused of violating banking regulations when approving loans for Binh Ha farming company, based in the central province of Ha Tinh. The violations caused BIDV losses of VND890 billion ($38.3 million), local media reports said.
The bank’s former chairman, Tran Bac Ha, and two other executives were arrested in November, also for allegedly violating banking regulations.
Sang was removed from his position at the bank in late August amid investigation into its wrongdoings.