The painting work took four days and was completed on Sunday.
City authorities hope the facelift will boost the image of the market in the eyes of foreign visitors.
The 13,000-square-meter market in District 1 has long been a tourist magnet, and attracts thousands of foreign visitors each year.
A representative of the market management said lighting systems would be installed to attract foreign visitors at night.
Built in 1870 by the French, the market was initially called Les Halles Centrales before being renamed Ben Thanh in 1912.
It remains open from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. every day.